the goal is to describe how physical, chemical and biological processes interact to determine the species composition, biogeochemical activities, and trophic structure of marine communities. outstanding problems currently facing biological oceanographers and earth systems scientists are discussed, as are current attempts and methodologies to address them. NOTE to undergraduates: Biological oceanography is a quantitative science and extensive problem solving is required. Students should be competent in mathematics through calculus. Permission of instructor is required.
